How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op

A homeschool co-op is a group of homeschooling families who meet on a regular basis to provide educational and social activities for their children. Some co-ops focus on elective and enrichment classes while others offer core classes such as history, math, and science. In most cases, the parents of the students are directly involved in the co-op, planning, organizing, and teaching the courses offered. Why Start a Homeschool Co-Op There are many reasons that a homeschool co-op  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ large or small  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ can be a beneficial endeavor for parents and students alike. Some classes simply work better with a group. It can be hard to find a  chemistry lab partner at home, and unless you’re doing a one-man play,  drama needs a group of kids. Sure, you may have siblings or a parent who can help out, but for activities such as science labs, it can be beneficial for students to work with their peers. In  a co-op setting, kids learn how to work with a group of students. They can practice vital skills such as delegating tasks, doing their part to make the group activity a success, and resolving conflicts when disagreements arise. A co-op provides accountability. You know those classes that tend to fall by the wayside? Starting a small co-op is an excellent way to prevent that by adding a layer of accountability. You may find that you have good intentions, are continually pushing aside enrichment classes such as art and nature study. When youre meeting with a few other families, youre more likely to follow through on the classes. It’s much easier to stay the course when other people are counting on you. A co-op is a great solution for teaching difficult subjects or skill-based electives.  A co-op can prove to be the perfect way to tackle subjects like  high school level math and science courses or electives for which you lack the knowledge or skill set. Maybe one parent can teach math in exchange for another sharing her talent for art or music. If you know a parent with a unique skill, such as photography or fluency in a foreign language, they may be willing to offer group classes for a fee.  Ã‚   A co-op can make the subject  more fun for the students. In addition to the prospect of greater accountability, a co-op can make a  boring or difficult subject more fun for the students. While the class may still be dull or complicated, the prospect of tackling it with a few friends can at least make the class more palatable. The students might even find the course fun with an instructor and one or two students who display enthusiasm for it, or who have a good grasp on the topic and can explain it in easy-to-understand terms.   Homeschool co-ops can help kids learn to take direction from someone other than a parent. Kids benefit from having instructors other than their parents. Another teacher  may have a different teaching style,  way of interacting with children, or expectations for classroom behavior and due dates. It’s useful for students to learn  to interact with other instructors so that it’s not such a culture shock when they go to college or into the workforce or even when they find themselves in classroom settings within the community. How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op If you’ve decided that a small  homeschool co-op would be beneficial for your family, it’s relatively straightforward to start one. While you needn’t worry about the complex  guidelines that a  larger, more formal co-op would require,  a small, informal gathering of friends still calls for some ground rules. Find a meeting place (or establish an agreed-upon rotation). If your co-op is going to be only two or three families, you’ll likely agree to gather in your homes. You may also be able to use a room or two at a   library, community center, or church. Wherever you meet, be considerate. Offer to help clean up afterward.  Arrive on time.Start on time. It’s easy to get caught up in socializing for the students and their parents.Leave promptly after the class is over. The  host family may have school to complete or appointments on their calendar.Ask if there is anything you can bring or do to simplify hosting. Set a schedule and guidelines. Small groups can disintegrate quickly if one or two people have to miss the class. Set a schedule at the beginning of the year, taking holidays and any known date conflicts  into consideration. Once all the parents have agreed to the calendar, stick to it. Make arrangements for students who have to miss class to make up the work. If youre completing a DVD course, perhaps students can borrow the DVD set and complete the assignment on their own. For other classes, you may consider making copies of materials or having another student take notes for those who are absent. Be sure to build a few flex days into your calendar for the inevitable disruptions such as inclement weather or times when multiple students are sick or unable to attend class. You will also want to determine how long and how often each class will meet and set start and end dates. For example, will this be a year-long or single semester co-op? Will you meet one hour twice a week or two hours once a week? Determine roles. If the course needs a facilitator or instructor, determine who will fill that role. Sometimes these roles fall into place naturally, but make sure that all the parents involved are okay with the tasks that fall to them so that no one feels unfairly burdened. Choose materials. Decide what materials you’ll need for your co-op.  Will you be using a particular curriculum? If you are piecing together your  own course, make sure everyone knows who is responsible for what. For example, if youre teaching an  art co-op, one parent may already own the curriculum that youll be using, so each student would just need to purchase their own supplies based on a materials list provided by the  instructor.For a DVD course, one parent may already own the DVD set required, and each student would need only to purchase their own workbooks. If you’re buying materials to be shared by the group,  such as a DVD set or a microscope, you  will probably want to split the cost of the purchase. Discuss what you’ll do with the non-consumable materials after the course is over. One family may want to buy out the other family’s share to save something  (such as a microscope) for younger siblings, or you may wish to resell  non-consumables and split the proceeds between the families.   Identify age-ranges. Decide what age students your co-op will include and set guidelines for older and younger siblings. If youre teaching a high school chemistry course, it will be distracting for parents and younger siblings to be chatting in the corner. So decide from the beginning if younger siblings will need to stay at home or if there is another room where they could play under the supervision of a couple of parents. You may also want to consider ability-level rather than age. For example, a wide range of ages could learn a foreign language together depending on what level of reading and writing are involved. However you choose to structure it, a small homeschool co-op with a few families is an excellent means of providing  the accountability and group atmosphere that you may be missing in your homeschool.

The Ideology That Best Describes Me Is Moderately...

The ideology that best describes me is moderately conservatism. Conservatism is defined according to our textbook By The People: Debating American Government; conservatism is the ideology that defines as â€Å"Americans who believe in reduced government spending, personal responsibility, traditional moral values, and a strong national defense† (Morone, Kersh, 2016, p.37). That is to say, the conservatism I will be describing typically leans to a limited government in our democracy, tends to support individualism for every citizen, intervening in certain warfare with military force when an aggressive group is threatening America and keeping religious culture; mostly Christianity within our Constitution. Different political parties spill my household and they’re our factors I can see where I can get my views. My mother is tends to be a conservative. She votes and always tunes into the political debates and listens to a Conservative radio station channel in her quiet time s. She wasn’t raised in a religious household and believes it affected her spiritually as many immoral situations happened during her childhood. She wanted her child to have a religious status and she chose to raise us Catholic. We weren’t raised has strict Catholics, but we were put in private Catholic living in Salt Lake City and we went to church every Sunday. Following my mother, I do believe I should follow a religious status, but I also believe that we should respect all other religions because no everyoneShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesL S A L Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team? 308 glOBalization! Group Cohesiveness across Cultures 314 An Ethical Choice Using Global Virtual Teams as an Environmental Choice 315 Myth or Science? â€Å"Teams Work Best Under Angry Leaders† 320 Self-Assessment Library What Is My Team Efficacy? 322 Point/Counterpoint We Can Learn Much About Work Teams from Studying Sports Teams 326 Questions for Review 327 Experiential Exercise Fixed versus Variable Flight Crews 327Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesbe varied to meet the requirements of the participants and the practicalities of the situation. The factors listed below will also influence the way in which the text, readings, work assignments, case examples, case studies and videos can be used to best advantage. 8  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, Exploring Strategy, 9th Edition, Instructor’s Manual 3.1 Purpose of the course Strategy courses can be designed to meet many different needs. At one extremeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesdemanding competitive climate. Furthermore, the competitive climate is not a war of so-called Old Economy versus New Economy concepts. Instead, the competitive climate involves the convergence of the management models that have been proved to work best in both throughout today’s marketplace. Business leaders need to understand that the current marketplace is characterized by the following business truths: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  The quick and most flexible devour the ponderous and most rigid. Networking andRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesresearch, law and criminal justice, and entertainment. A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses.† These sections include advice on how to best communicate the results of a statistical analysis and also consider how to interpret statistical summaries ââ€"   Preface xv found in journals and other published sources. A subsection titled â€Å"A Word to the Wise† reminds readers of things that

Countries Journal of Hospitality Management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Countries Journal of Hospitality Management. Answer: Push Marketing Issues in Tourism Industry Tourism industry is continuously influenced by the implementation of the latest technology which results in changing its operations. Internet and online based services have transformed the method of marketing for tourism companies. Most of the tourist agencies use push marketing to advertise their services and offers to the customers. Push marketing is defined as an advertising approach which is implemented by corporations to advertise their product to potential customers even when they do not have any desire or interest to purchase the product or services. The example of push marketing includes showing up uninvited at home for selling products, short commercials before YouTube videos, newspaper advertisements, online floating banner advertisements, and unsolicited telephone calls (Ryan, 2013). The issues with these marketing styles are that customers are not interested in such advertisements. Instead of attracting, these advertisements annoy the customers which decrease companys sal es. Billboards, newspaper advertisements, posters, pamphlets, television commercials, and telephone calls are some of the techniques use by travel agencies to target their potential customers. Due to the popularity of the internet and online-based services, the number of online travel agencies has grown substantially, and these companies use online platforms such as social media sites, YouTube, and other websites to display their advertisements. Another issue with push marketing is that companies are in charge of the advertisements rather than customers. The advertisements of travel agencies might come to strong on customers which frustrate them (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013). The expenses of push marketing are also considerably high than compared to other marketing methods because travel agencies have to display their advertisements on various sources such as billboards, websites, television, pamphlets, social media sites and others. The corporations also face the difficulty of irregular traffic because there are a larger number of organisations which use push marketing for attracting customers and it is difficult for a firm to stand out from the crowd (Jaafar et al., 2011). Analysis of Push Marketing Issues Satisfied customers are the key to business success, and they assist in sustaining travel agencies future growth. It is necessary that travel companies satisfy their customers demands and requirements, so they select them again during their travel requirements. In the 21st century, people did not prefer push marketing because it frustrates and annoys them (Veerasoontorn and Beise-Zee, 2010). The population of pull marketing has grown substantially due to the popularity of internet services. Pull marketing takes an opposite approach than push marketing; the goal is to attract customers towards the company instead of pushing advertisements over them. Most of the modern corporations use pull marketing approach because it increases their reputation and maintains a positive brand image (Mohammad and Som, 2010). Organisations use pull marketing by recognising their target audience, making information available to them and providing them incentives which attract them to select their service s. The growing popularity of social media sites has increased the role of pull marketing, and customers prefer the travel agencies which uses this method. The issues in push marketing are detrimental for travel corporations future development because it reduces sales and creates a bad brand reputation of the enterprise (Kassean and Gassita, 2013). The firms which use push marketing find it difficult to attract a large number of customers and making them loyal towards the company. Push marketing can also frustrate customers and disrupt their vacation which is detrimental to corporations growth because it annoys customers, and they started avoiding companys services. The travel agencies also require maintaining large and complex amount of data in push marketing strategy which increases their expenses and reduce profits. The competition in the tourism industry is fierce, and corporations implement strategic policies to maintain customers loyalty (Pesonen et al., 2011). Therefore, the trave l agencies are require to strategically implement policies to address the issues relating to push marketing in order to sustain their future development. Recommendations Following recommendations can be implemented by the traveling agencies to address the issues relating to push marketing strategy that can assist in the sustainable development of the enterprises and the industry. Focus towards Pull Marketing Strategy Internet and social media sites have connected people throughout the world with each other and corporations use these platforms to engage with their customers. People did not prefer push marketing methods because they feel annoyed and frustrated by the constant advertisements. Instead of using push marketing, travel agencies should focus on implementing pull marketing strategy in order to increase their sales and create a loyal customers base. According to a study conducted by GE Capital Retail Bank, more than 81 percent of the customers look for products online before deciding on buying them (Charbonneau, 2013). As per the 2015 study of Expedia Media Solutions, the number of sites leisure travels visit before selecting their travel package has dropped 88 percent due to various factors (Hotel Marketing, 2017). Now, the sites are consolidated which means single travel site provides multiple traveling facilities; the services of travel sites have also improved, and Googles services have become smarter, and they provide recommendations based on customers preferences. These studies prove that customers prefer to check offers before buying a traveling plan; therefore, travel agencies should focus on pull marketing instead of push marketing. Customer engagement With the populations of social media sites, the role of customer engagement has grown between modern corporations, and they use it to sustain their future development. Many corporations use social media sites to engage with their customers which assist them in resolving their quarries, collect feedback, and improve their brand image. Starbucks is a good example; the corporation uses social media sites to engage with their customers that increase their brand image and create a loyal customer base which sustains their future development. Starbucks post advertisements through social media accounts which automatically target interested customers who follow the company and it reduces marketing expenses (Chua and Banerjee, 2013). Similarly, travel agencies should establish a dedicated customer engagement program on social media sites in which employees interact with customers to resolve their quarries and collect their feedbacks. The data collected through customer engagement can assist travel agencies in creating new offers for their customers based on their requirements which increase companys sales. The corporations can also create a loyal customer base by engaging with their customers and listening to their quarries and instantly solving them. This strategy can assist travel agencies in marketing their products through word-to-mouth advertisement and by posting their new offers through social media sites (Cabiddu, De Carlo and Piccoli, 2014). Customer engagement program also improve companys online rating; any customer looking for a travel agency online will prefer to choose a highly rated company which increases firms sales. Increasing Online Presence Travel agencies should invest heavily in positively improving their online presence since it assists them in addressing the issues relating to push marketing. Instead of advertising to random people, travel agencies should target their specific customers who are genuinely interested in their products. The company can use social media sites and Google analytics to find their loyal customer bases and use push marketing strategy to target them. The advertisement should be based on customers requirements, and the firm should use click baits, discounts, incentives or attractive offers to attract customers (Smith, Costello and Muenchen, 2010). Travel agencies should increase their push marketing budget and use Googles services to show their advertisements when people search for travel-related keywords. By implementing these policies, travel agencies can address the issues of push marketing and use it to sustain their future growth. References Cabiddu, F., De Carlo, M. and Piccoli, G. (2014) Social media affordances: Enabling customer engagement.Annals of Tourism Research,48, pp.175-192. Charbonneau, K. (2013) 81% of shoppers research online before buying. [Online] Thornley Fallis. Available at https://thornleyfallis.com/81-of-shoppers-research-online-before-buying/ [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S. (2013) Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds. (2013)Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Hotel Marketing. (2017) Number of sites leisure travellers visit before booking drops by 88%. [Online] Hotel Marketing. Available at https://hotelmarketing.com/index.php/content/article/number_of_sites_leisure_travelers_visit_before_booking_drops_by_88 [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Jaafar, M., Abdul-Aziz, A.R., Maideen, S.A. and Mohd, S.Z. (2011) Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: Issues in developing countries.International Journal of Hospitality Management,30(4), pp.827-835. Kassean, H. and Gassita, R. (2013) Exploring tourists push and pull motivations to visit Mauritius as a tourist destination.African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure,2(3), pp.1-13. Mohammad, B. and Som, A. (2010) An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan.International Journal of Business and Management,5(12), p.41. Pesonen, J., Komppula, R., Kronenberg, C. and Peters, M. (2011) Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism.Tourism Review,66(3), pp.32-49. Ryan, C. (2013) Pull Marketing vs. Push Marketing The Shifting Battleground. [Online] Fusion Marketing Partners. Available at https://greatb2bmarketing.com/pull-marketing/pull-marketing-vs-push-marketing-the-shifting-battleground/ [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Smith, S., Costello, C. and Muenchen, R.A. (2010) Influence of push and pull motivations on satisfaction and behavioral intentions within a culinary tourism event.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism,11(1), pp.17-35. Veerasoontorn, R. and Beise-Zee, R. (2010) International hospital outshopping: a staged model of push and pull factors.International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,4(3), pp.247-264.

The action of lipase Essay Example

The action of lipase Essay AIM: Lipases hydrolize fats into glycerol and fatty acids1, therefor to investigate how different amount (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3) of 3% lipase solutions break down the fat in 5 cm3 of milk.RESEARCH QUESTION: how fast can different amount (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3) of 3% lipase solutions break down the fat molecules in 5 cm3 of milk?INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: amount of 3% lipase solution (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3)DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the speed (measured in minutes) of hydrolizing fat moleculesCONTROLLED VARIANLE: concentration of lipase solution, amount of milk, amount and concentration of sodium carbonate solutionHYPOTHESES: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ lipase hydrolize fats into glycerol and fatty acid1 therefore as the amount of lipase is increased, the fat molecules will be hydrolized faster and fasterà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ boiled lipase will not break down fat molecules, because the enzymes denaturate on high temperatureMaterials: Equipments:-milk -test tu bes-0.05M sodium carbonate solution -test tube rack-phenolphthalein indicator -test tube holder-3% lipase solution -dropping pipette-graduated pipette-Bunsen burner-beaker-watchPROCEDURE:1. Using a graduated pipette, 5 cm3 of milk is placed in seven test tubes.2. 7 cm3 sodium carbonate solution is placed in each test tube.3. Using a dropping pipette phenolphthalein is add to each tube until the contests are bright pink. The test tubes are shaken well after adding each drop.4. In a spare tube about 15 mm 3 % lipase solution is placed and the liquid is heated over a Bunsen burner until it boils for a few seconds. The tube is cooled and 1 cm3 of boiled liquid is transported to test tube 1.5. With a graduate pipette 1 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 2.6. With a graduate pipette 2 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 3.7. With a graduate pipette 4 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 4.8. With a graduate pipette 8 cm3 unboiled lipase solu tion is placed in test tube 5.9. With a graduate pipette 12 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 6.10. With a graduate pipette 20 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 7.11. The test tubes is shaken to mix the contents.DATA COLLECTION:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Colour of the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution): whiteà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Colour of the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein): bright pinkà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To the seven test tubes 5 0.5 cm3 milk and 7 0.5 cm3 sodium carbonate solution was placed.Table 1. Observations of the action of lipaseTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1403no2354no4265no8116no1257no202Table 2. Observations of the action of lipase Student ATest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1493no2264no4155no876no1257no203Table 3. Observations of the action of lipase Student BTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1313no2194no4105no886no1257no203à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In each case the measurement of time started after placing the lipase solution, and shaking the test tube.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Regarding the scale of numbers (from 3 to 40 in average see Table 4.) it was uneccasary to measure the time with the accuracy of seconds.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In each case the test tube containig the unboiled lipase solution (tube 1) did not reach the stage of becoming white during the time of lab (about 90 min), this is denoted with a - sign.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The scaling of the graduated pipette was 1 cm3 therefor the accuracy might differ by 0.5 cm3 .DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION:Table 4. The action of lipase average time taken for the solution to become whiteTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Average time/ min half of the range1yes1-2no140.9 9.03no226.6 8.04no417.0 8.05no88.6 2.06no125.0 0.07no 202.6 0.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The average is reported with half of the range (instead of standard deviation), because of the small number of replicates. The samll number of replicates did not allow to leave out any of the obtained data. see conclusion and evaluation to see the possible way of avoiding this problem.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Graph 1. represents the data of Table 4. plotted on a graph. On the x axis the independent variable (amount of lipase) and on the y axis the dependent variable (the time taken for the solution to become white) can be seen. The best-fit line is drawn linear, going through the range boxes. If the x and the y values were of the same distance from the origo, then the best-fit line would be 45o.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Tube 1 boiled lipase is not plotted on the graph because it was the contol test, to make sure that the colour change does not happen anyway and that the role of the lipase is responsible for the colour change, since the enzymes denaturate in high temperature, change shap e, therefore do not work any more.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The horizontal error bars represent amount of lipase (cm3) 0.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The vertical error bars represent the average time (min) half of the range (in case oftube 2 2 cm3 the range was 0)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ No systematic error occured during this experiment, the random errors are discussed above graduating pipette, watchCONCLUSION AND EVALUATION:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The hypotheses were supportive, because as it can be seen on Graph 1, as the amount of lipase was increased, the solution changed colour faster and faster, in sciantifically speaking more and more lipid was broken down to glycerol and fatty acid. The boiled lipid did not change to colour of the solution no lipid was broken down.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In this experiment the time taken for the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein, lipase solution) to become white was tested. Phenolphthalein is and acid/base indicator. It starts to be bright pink because the carbonate ions i n the sodium carbonate give the overall pH to be alkaline. It is transparent in acid solution. When the lipase breaks down the fat molecules (lipids) into fatty acid and glycerol, the pH decreases into the acid range and the colour of the phenolphthalein fades. This allows the white colour of milk to come through.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The lipase in the controll test (tube 1) denaturated on high temperature, and could not function any more, so no fat molecule was broken down, therefore the pH of the solution did not change, and the colour of phenolphthalein did not indidcate the change of pH, and the white colour of milk could not come through. This is why it is dangerous for humans to have a raised temperature (fever), because the heat unables the enzymes to function, on which the human body is reliant. Lipase is used as biological washing powder (since it breaks down the fat molecules) but if it is put in hot wash, the fat does not come out of the clothes, because lipase denaturates.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ On Graph 1. it can be seen that the action of lopase is in inverse proportion to time.SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To calculate the average time taken for the solution to become white, more students data should be used.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The action of lipase could have been tested in another way as well: the test tubes should be observed at a certain time, and the dependent variable would be the ratio of pink and white in the test tube. It would show that as the amount of lipase is increased, the ratio of white will be greater and greater. For the contol test boiled lipase the ratio of pink and white would be 1:0. Although there are many source of error for this experiment, mainly measuring the ratio. I would suggest using ruler, but cause difficulties how to measure the u-shaped bottom of the test tubes.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Testing tube 1 and 2 the conclusion was that the enzyme lipase denaturates on high temperature. To go further, I would suggest an experiment to tes t at what temperature does enzyme lipase denaturate. For this, lipase on room temperature (about 21 Co) and heated lipase (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 Co) should be used. The independent variable: temperature of lipase, the dependent variable: time taken for the solution to become white, and the controlled variable: amount of solutions added, including lipase.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ I would suggest to use 1 drop of 1 M sodium hydroxide insted of sodium carbonate, because glycerol has three alcohol groups and each of these weakly dissociates to give acid character. The carbonate ions react in acid giving off CO2 and a froming a hydroxide after the hydrolysis of water molecules. These then neutralise the acid, so carbonate ions act like a buffer therefore the acid production cannot be registered as fast as it should be. Therefore 1 drop of1 M sodium hydroxide should be use, to avoid the buffer effect.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The random error of using graduated pipette cannot be avoided. Measuring the time could h ave been done with the accuracy of seconds, the reason for not doing so is discussed above in the data collection section.