How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op

A homeschool co-op is a group of homeschooling families who meet on a regular basis to provide educational and social activities for their children. Some co-ops focus on elective and enrichment classes while others offer core classes such as history, math, and science. In most cases, the parents of the students are directly involved in the co-op, planning, organizing, and teaching the courses offered. Why Start a Homeschool Co-Op There are many reasons that a homeschool co-op  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ large or small  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ can be a beneficial endeavor for parents and students alike. Some classes simply work better with a group. It can be hard to find a  chemistry lab partner at home, and unless you’re doing a one-man play,  drama needs a group of kids. Sure, you may have siblings or a parent who can help out, but for activities such as science labs, it can be beneficial for students to work with their peers. In  a co-op setting, kids learn how to work with a group of students. They can practice vital skills such as delegating tasks, doing their part to make the group activity a success, and resolving conflicts when disagreements arise. A co-op provides accountability. You know those classes that tend to fall by the wayside? Starting a small co-op is an excellent way to prevent that by adding a layer of accountability. You may find that you have good intentions, are continually pushing aside enrichment classes such as art and nature study. When youre meeting with a few other families, youre more likely to follow through on the classes. It’s much easier to stay the course when other people are counting on you. A co-op is a great solution for teaching difficult subjects or skill-based electives.  A co-op can prove to be the perfect way to tackle subjects like  high school level math and science courses or electives for which you lack the knowledge or skill set. Maybe one parent can teach math in exchange for another sharing her talent for art or music. If you know a parent with a unique skill, such as photography or fluency in a foreign language, they may be willing to offer group classes for a fee.  Ã‚   A co-op can make the subject  more fun for the students. In addition to the prospect of greater accountability, a co-op can make a  boring or difficult subject more fun for the students. While the class may still be dull or complicated, the prospect of tackling it with a few friends can at least make the class more palatable. The students might even find the course fun with an instructor and one or two students who display enthusiasm for it, or who have a good grasp on the topic and can explain it in easy-to-understand terms.   Homeschool co-ops can help kids learn to take direction from someone other than a parent. Kids benefit from having instructors other than their parents. Another teacher  may have a different teaching style,  way of interacting with children, or expectations for classroom behavior and due dates. It’s useful for students to learn  to interact with other instructors so that it’s not such a culture shock when they go to college or into the workforce or even when they find themselves in classroom settings within the community. How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op If you’ve decided that a small  homeschool co-op would be beneficial for your family, it’s relatively straightforward to start one. While you needn’t worry about the complex  guidelines that a  larger, more formal co-op would require,  a small, informal gathering of friends still calls for some ground rules. Find a meeting place (or establish an agreed-upon rotation). If your co-op is going to be only two or three families, you’ll likely agree to gather in your homes. You may also be able to use a room or two at a   library, community center, or church. Wherever you meet, be considerate. Offer to help clean up afterward.  Arrive on time.Start on time. It’s easy to get caught up in socializing for the students and their parents.Leave promptly after the class is over. The  host family may have school to complete or appointments on their calendar.Ask if there is anything you can bring or do to simplify hosting. Set a schedule and guidelines. Small groups can disintegrate quickly if one or two people have to miss the class. Set a schedule at the beginning of the year, taking holidays and any known date conflicts  into consideration. Once all the parents have agreed to the calendar, stick to it. Make arrangements for students who have to miss class to make up the work. If youre completing a DVD course, perhaps students can borrow the DVD set and complete the assignment on their own. For other classes, you may consider making copies of materials or having another student take notes for those who are absent. Be sure to build a few flex days into your calendar for the inevitable disruptions such as inclement weather or times when multiple students are sick or unable to attend class. You will also want to determine how long and how often each class will meet and set start and end dates. For example, will this be a year-long or single semester co-op? Will you meet one hour twice a week or two hours once a week? Determine roles. If the course needs a facilitator or instructor, determine who will fill that role. Sometimes these roles fall into place naturally, but make sure that all the parents involved are okay with the tasks that fall to them so that no one feels unfairly burdened. Choose materials. Decide what materials you’ll need for your co-op.  Will you be using a particular curriculum? If you are piecing together your  own course, make sure everyone knows who is responsible for what. For example, if youre teaching an  art co-op, one parent may already own the curriculum that youll be using, so each student would just need to purchase their own supplies based on a materials list provided by the  instructor.For a DVD course, one parent may already own the DVD set required, and each student would need only to purchase their own workbooks. If you’re buying materials to be shared by the group,  such as a DVD set or a microscope, you  will probably want to split the cost of the purchase. Discuss what you’ll do with the non-consumable materials after the course is over. One family may want to buy out the other family’s share to save something  (such as a microscope) for younger siblings, or you may wish to resell  non-consumables and split the proceeds between the families.   Identify age-ranges. Decide what age students your co-op will include and set guidelines for older and younger siblings. If youre teaching a high school chemistry course, it will be distracting for parents and younger siblings to be chatting in the corner. So decide from the beginning if younger siblings will need to stay at home or if there is another room where they could play under the supervision of a couple of parents. You may also want to consider ability-level rather than age. For example, a wide range of ages could learn a foreign language together depending on what level of reading and writing are involved. However you choose to structure it, a small homeschool co-op with a few families is an excellent means of providing  the accountability and group atmosphere that you may be missing in your homeschool.

The Ideology That Best Describes Me Is Moderately...

The ideology that best describes me is moderately conservatism. Conservatism is defined according to our textbook By The People: Debating American Government; conservatism is the ideology that defines as â€Å"Americans who believe in reduced government spending, personal responsibility, traditional moral values, and a strong national defense† (Morone, Kersh, 2016, p.37). That is to say, the conservatism I will be describing typically leans to a limited government in our democracy, tends to support individualism for every citizen, intervening in certain warfare with military force when an aggressive group is threatening America and keeping religious culture; mostly Christianity within our Constitution. Different political parties spill my household and they’re our factors I can see where I can get my views. My mother is tends to be a conservative. She votes and always tunes into the political debates and listens to a Conservative radio station channel in her quiet time s. She wasn’t raised in a religious household and believes it affected her spiritually as many immoral situations happened during her childhood. She wanted her child to have a religious status and she chose to raise us Catholic. We weren’t raised has strict Catholics, but we were put in private Catholic living in Salt Lake City and we went to church every Sunday. Following my mother, I do believe I should follow a religious status, but I also believe that we should respect all other religions because no everyoneShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesL S A L Self-Assessment Library How Good Am I at Building and Leading a Team? 308 glOBalization! Group Cohesiveness across Cultures 314 An Ethical Choice Using Global Virtual Teams as an Environmental Choice 315 Myth or Science? â€Å"Teams Work Best Under Angry Leaders† 320 Self-Assessment Library What Is My Team Efficacy? 322 Point/Counterpoint We Can Learn Much About Work Teams from Studying Sports Teams 326 Questions for Review 327 Experiential Exercise Fixed versus Variable Flight Crews 327Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesbe varied to meet the requirements of the participants and the practicalities of the situation. The factors listed below will also influence the way in which the text, readings, work assignments, case examples, case studies and videos can be used to best advantage. 8  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, Exploring Strategy, 9th Edition, Instructor’s Manual 3.1 Purpose of the course Strategy courses can be designed to meet many different needs. At one extremeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesdemanding competitive climate. Furthermore, the competitive climate is not a war of so-called Old Economy versus New Economy concepts. Instead, the competitive climate involves the convergence of the management models that have been proved to work best in both throughout today’s marketplace. Business leaders need to understand that the current marketplace is characterized by the following business truths: ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  The quick and most flexible devour the ponderous and most rigid. Networking andRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesresearch, law and criminal justice, and entertainment. A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses.† These sections include advice on how to best communicate the results of a statistical analysis and also consider how to interpret statistical summaries ââ€"   Preface xv found in journals and other published sources. A subsection titled â€Å"A Word to the Wise† reminds readers of things that

Countries Journal of Hospitality Management - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Countries Journal of Hospitality Management. Answer: Push Marketing Issues in Tourism Industry Tourism industry is continuously influenced by the implementation of the latest technology which results in changing its operations. Internet and online based services have transformed the method of marketing for tourism companies. Most of the tourist agencies use push marketing to advertise their services and offers to the customers. Push marketing is defined as an advertising approach which is implemented by corporations to advertise their product to potential customers even when they do not have any desire or interest to purchase the product or services. The example of push marketing includes showing up uninvited at home for selling products, short commercials before YouTube videos, newspaper advertisements, online floating banner advertisements, and unsolicited telephone calls (Ryan, 2013). The issues with these marketing styles are that customers are not interested in such advertisements. Instead of attracting, these advertisements annoy the customers which decrease companys sal es. Billboards, newspaper advertisements, posters, pamphlets, television commercials, and telephone calls are some of the techniques use by travel agencies to target their potential customers. Due to the popularity of the internet and online-based services, the number of online travel agencies has grown substantially, and these companies use online platforms such as social media sites, YouTube, and other websites to display their advertisements. Another issue with push marketing is that companies are in charge of the advertisements rather than customers. The advertisements of travel agencies might come to strong on customers which frustrate them (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013). The expenses of push marketing are also considerably high than compared to other marketing methods because travel agencies have to display their advertisements on various sources such as billboards, websites, television, pamphlets, social media sites and others. The corporations also face the difficulty of irregular traffic because there are a larger number of organisations which use push marketing for attracting customers and it is difficult for a firm to stand out from the crowd (Jaafar et al., 2011). Analysis of Push Marketing Issues Satisfied customers are the key to business success, and they assist in sustaining travel agencies future growth. It is necessary that travel companies satisfy their customers demands and requirements, so they select them again during their travel requirements. In the 21st century, people did not prefer push marketing because it frustrates and annoys them (Veerasoontorn and Beise-Zee, 2010). The population of pull marketing has grown substantially due to the popularity of internet services. Pull marketing takes an opposite approach than push marketing; the goal is to attract customers towards the company instead of pushing advertisements over them. Most of the modern corporations use pull marketing approach because it increases their reputation and maintains a positive brand image (Mohammad and Som, 2010). Organisations use pull marketing by recognising their target audience, making information available to them and providing them incentives which attract them to select their service s. The growing popularity of social media sites has increased the role of pull marketing, and customers prefer the travel agencies which uses this method. The issues in push marketing are detrimental for travel corporations future development because it reduces sales and creates a bad brand reputation of the enterprise (Kassean and Gassita, 2013). The firms which use push marketing find it difficult to attract a large number of customers and making them loyal towards the company. Push marketing can also frustrate customers and disrupt their vacation which is detrimental to corporations growth because it annoys customers, and they started avoiding companys services. The travel agencies also require maintaining large and complex amount of data in push marketing strategy which increases their expenses and reduce profits. The competition in the tourism industry is fierce, and corporations implement strategic policies to maintain customers loyalty (Pesonen et al., 2011). Therefore, the trave l agencies are require to strategically implement policies to address the issues relating to push marketing in order to sustain their future development. Recommendations Following recommendations can be implemented by the traveling agencies to address the issues relating to push marketing strategy that can assist in the sustainable development of the enterprises and the industry. Focus towards Pull Marketing Strategy Internet and social media sites have connected people throughout the world with each other and corporations use these platforms to engage with their customers. People did not prefer push marketing methods because they feel annoyed and frustrated by the constant advertisements. Instead of using push marketing, travel agencies should focus on implementing pull marketing strategy in order to increase their sales and create a loyal customers base. According to a study conducted by GE Capital Retail Bank, more than 81 percent of the customers look for products online before deciding on buying them (Charbonneau, 2013). As per the 2015 study of Expedia Media Solutions, the number of sites leisure travels visit before selecting their travel package has dropped 88 percent due to various factors (Hotel Marketing, 2017). Now, the sites are consolidated which means single travel site provides multiple traveling facilities; the services of travel sites have also improved, and Googles services have become smarter, and they provide recommendations based on customers preferences. These studies prove that customers prefer to check offers before buying a traveling plan; therefore, travel agencies should focus on pull marketing instead of push marketing. Customer engagement With the populations of social media sites, the role of customer engagement has grown between modern corporations, and they use it to sustain their future development. Many corporations use social media sites to engage with their customers which assist them in resolving their quarries, collect feedback, and improve their brand image. Starbucks is a good example; the corporation uses social media sites to engage with their customers that increase their brand image and create a loyal customer base which sustains their future development. Starbucks post advertisements through social media accounts which automatically target interested customers who follow the company and it reduces marketing expenses (Chua and Banerjee, 2013). Similarly, travel agencies should establish a dedicated customer engagement program on social media sites in which employees interact with customers to resolve their quarries and collect their feedbacks. The data collected through customer engagement can assist travel agencies in creating new offers for their customers based on their requirements which increase companys sales. The corporations can also create a loyal customer base by engaging with their customers and listening to their quarries and instantly solving them. This strategy can assist travel agencies in marketing their products through word-to-mouth advertisement and by posting their new offers through social media sites (Cabiddu, De Carlo and Piccoli, 2014). Customer engagement program also improve companys online rating; any customer looking for a travel agency online will prefer to choose a highly rated company which increases firms sales. Increasing Online Presence Travel agencies should invest heavily in positively improving their online presence since it assists them in addressing the issues relating to push marketing. Instead of advertising to random people, travel agencies should target their specific customers who are genuinely interested in their products. The company can use social media sites and Google analytics to find their loyal customer bases and use push marketing strategy to target them. The advertisement should be based on customers requirements, and the firm should use click baits, discounts, incentives or attractive offers to attract customers (Smith, Costello and Muenchen, 2010). Travel agencies should increase their push marketing budget and use Googles services to show their advertisements when people search for travel-related keywords. By implementing these policies, travel agencies can address the issues of push marketing and use it to sustain their future growth. References Cabiddu, F., De Carlo, M. and Piccoli, G. (2014) Social media affordances: Enabling customer engagement.Annals of Tourism Research,48, pp.175-192. Charbonneau, K. (2013) 81% of shoppers research online before buying. [Online] Thornley Fallis. Available at https://thornleyfallis.com/81-of-shoppers-research-online-before-buying/ [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S. (2013) Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Goodall, B. and Ashworth, G. eds. (2013)Marketing in the Tourism Industry (RLE Tourism): The Promotion of Destination Regions. Routledge. Hotel Marketing. (2017) Number of sites leisure travellers visit before booking drops by 88%. [Online] Hotel Marketing. Available at https://hotelmarketing.com/index.php/content/article/number_of_sites_leisure_travelers_visit_before_booking_drops_by_88 [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Jaafar, M., Abdul-Aziz, A.R., Maideen, S.A. and Mohd, S.Z. (2011) Entrepreneurship in the tourism industry: Issues in developing countries.International Journal of Hospitality Management,30(4), pp.827-835. Kassean, H. and Gassita, R. (2013) Exploring tourists push and pull motivations to visit Mauritius as a tourist destination.African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure,2(3), pp.1-13. Mohammad, B. and Som, A. (2010) An analysis of push and pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan.International Journal of Business and Management,5(12), p.41. Pesonen, J., Komppula, R., Kronenberg, C. and Peters, M. (2011) Understanding the relationship between push and pull motivations in rural tourism.Tourism Review,66(3), pp.32-49. Ryan, C. (2013) Pull Marketing vs. Push Marketing The Shifting Battleground. [Online] Fusion Marketing Partners. Available at https://greatb2bmarketing.com/pull-marketing/pull-marketing-vs-push-marketing-the-shifting-battleground/ [Accessed 13th January 2018]. Smith, S., Costello, C. and Muenchen, R.A. (2010) Influence of push and pull motivations on satisfaction and behavioral intentions within a culinary tourism event.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism,11(1), pp.17-35. Veerasoontorn, R. and Beise-Zee, R. (2010) International hospital outshopping: a staged model of push and pull factors.International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,4(3), pp.247-264.

The action of lipase Essay Example

The action of lipase Essay AIM: Lipases hydrolize fats into glycerol and fatty acids1, therefor to investigate how different amount (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3) of 3% lipase solutions break down the fat in 5 cm3 of milk.RESEARCH QUESTION: how fast can different amount (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3) of 3% lipase solutions break down the fat molecules in 5 cm3 of milk?INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: amount of 3% lipase solution (1 cm3, 2 cm3, 4 cm3, 8 cm3, 12 cm3, 20 cm3)DEPENDENT VARIABLE: the speed (measured in minutes) of hydrolizing fat moleculesCONTROLLED VARIANLE: concentration of lipase solution, amount of milk, amount and concentration of sodium carbonate solutionHYPOTHESES: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ lipase hydrolize fats into glycerol and fatty acid1 therefore as the amount of lipase is increased, the fat molecules will be hydrolized faster and fasterà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ boiled lipase will not break down fat molecules, because the enzymes denaturate on high temperatureMaterials: Equipments:-milk -test tu bes-0.05M sodium carbonate solution -test tube rack-phenolphthalein indicator -test tube holder-3% lipase solution -dropping pipette-graduated pipette-Bunsen burner-beaker-watchPROCEDURE:1. Using a graduated pipette, 5 cm3 of milk is placed in seven test tubes.2. 7 cm3 sodium carbonate solution is placed in each test tube.3. Using a dropping pipette phenolphthalein is add to each tube until the contests are bright pink. The test tubes are shaken well after adding each drop.4. In a spare tube about 15 mm 3 % lipase solution is placed and the liquid is heated over a Bunsen burner until it boils for a few seconds. The tube is cooled and 1 cm3 of boiled liquid is transported to test tube 1.5. With a graduate pipette 1 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 2.6. With a graduate pipette 2 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 3.7. With a graduate pipette 4 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 4.8. With a graduate pipette 8 cm3 unboiled lipase solu tion is placed in test tube 5.9. With a graduate pipette 12 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 6.10. With a graduate pipette 20 cm3 unboiled lipase solution is placed in test tube 7.11. The test tubes is shaken to mix the contents.DATA COLLECTION:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Colour of the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution): whiteà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Colour of the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein): bright pinkà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To the seven test tubes 5 0.5 cm3 milk and 7 0.5 cm3 sodium carbonate solution was placed.Table 1. Observations of the action of lipaseTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1403no2354no4265no8116no1257no202Table 2. Observations of the action of lipase Student ATest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1493no2264no4155no876no1257no203Table 3. Observations of the action of lipase Student BTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Time taken to become white/ min 0.51yes1-2no1313no2194no4105no886no1257no203à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In each case the measurement of time started after placing the lipase solution, and shaking the test tube.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Regarding the scale of numbers (from 3 to 40 in average see Table 4.) it was uneccasary to measure the time with the accuracy of seconds.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In each case the test tube containig the unboiled lipase solution (tube 1) did not reach the stage of becoming white during the time of lab (about 90 min), this is denoted with a - sign.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The scaling of the graduated pipette was 1 cm3 therefor the accuracy might differ by 0.5 cm3 .DATA PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION:Table 4. The action of lipase average time taken for the solution to become whiteTest tube number/ -Boiled/ -Amount of lipase solution added/ cm3 0.5Average time/ min half of the range1yes1-2no140.9 9.03no226.6 8.04no417.0 8.05no88.6 2.06no125.0 0.07no 202.6 0.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The average is reported with half of the range (instead of standard deviation), because of the small number of replicates. The samll number of replicates did not allow to leave out any of the obtained data. see conclusion and evaluation to see the possible way of avoiding this problem.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Graph 1. represents the data of Table 4. plotted on a graph. On the x axis the independent variable (amount of lipase) and on the y axis the dependent variable (the time taken for the solution to become white) can be seen. The best-fit line is drawn linear, going through the range boxes. If the x and the y values were of the same distance from the origo, then the best-fit line would be 45o.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Tube 1 boiled lipase is not plotted on the graph because it was the contol test, to make sure that the colour change does not happen anyway and that the role of the lipase is responsible for the colour change, since the enzymes denaturate in high temperature, change shap e, therefore do not work any more.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The horizontal error bars represent amount of lipase (cm3) 0.5à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The vertical error bars represent the average time (min) half of the range (in case oftube 2 2 cm3 the range was 0)à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ No systematic error occured during this experiment, the random errors are discussed above graduating pipette, watchCONCLUSION AND EVALUATION:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The hypotheses were supportive, because as it can be seen on Graph 1, as the amount of lipase was increased, the solution changed colour faster and faster, in sciantifically speaking more and more lipid was broken down to glycerol and fatty acid. The boiled lipid did not change to colour of the solution no lipid was broken down.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ In this experiment the time taken for the solution (milk, sodium carbonate solution, phenolphthalein, lipase solution) to become white was tested. Phenolphthalein is and acid/base indicator. It starts to be bright pink because the carbonate ions i n the sodium carbonate give the overall pH to be alkaline. It is transparent in acid solution. When the lipase breaks down the fat molecules (lipids) into fatty acid and glycerol, the pH decreases into the acid range and the colour of the phenolphthalein fades. This allows the white colour of milk to come through.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The lipase in the controll test (tube 1) denaturated on high temperature, and could not function any more, so no fat molecule was broken down, therefore the pH of the solution did not change, and the colour of phenolphthalein did not indidcate the change of pH, and the white colour of milk could not come through. This is why it is dangerous for humans to have a raised temperature (fever), because the heat unables the enzymes to function, on which the human body is reliant. Lipase is used as biological washing powder (since it breaks down the fat molecules) but if it is put in hot wash, the fat does not come out of the clothes, because lipase denaturates.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ On Graph 1. it can be seen that the action of lopase is in inverse proportion to time.SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ To calculate the average time taken for the solution to become white, more students data should be used.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The action of lipase could have been tested in another way as well: the test tubes should be observed at a certain time, and the dependent variable would be the ratio of pink and white in the test tube. It would show that as the amount of lipase is increased, the ratio of white will be greater and greater. For the contol test boiled lipase the ratio of pink and white would be 1:0. Although there are many source of error for this experiment, mainly measuring the ratio. I would suggest using ruler, but cause difficulties how to measure the u-shaped bottom of the test tubes.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Testing tube 1 and 2 the conclusion was that the enzyme lipase denaturates on high temperature. To go further, I would suggest an experiment to tes t at what temperature does enzyme lipase denaturate. For this, lipase on room temperature (about 21 Co) and heated lipase (25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 Co) should be used. The independent variable: temperature of lipase, the dependent variable: time taken for the solution to become white, and the controlled variable: amount of solutions added, including lipase.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ I would suggest to use 1 drop of 1 M sodium hydroxide insted of sodium carbonate, because glycerol has three alcohol groups and each of these weakly dissociates to give acid character. The carbonate ions react in acid giving off CO2 and a froming a hydroxide after the hydrolysis of water molecules. These then neutralise the acid, so carbonate ions act like a buffer therefore the acid production cannot be registered as fast as it should be. Therefore 1 drop of1 M sodium hydroxide should be use, to avoid the buffer effect.à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The random error of using graduated pipette cannot be avoided. Measuring the time could h ave been done with the accuracy of seconds, the reason for not doing so is discussed above in the data collection section.

Symbolism throughout the novel Beloved essays

Symbolism throughout the novel Beloved essays Beloved, a novel written by Toni Morrison is more than a fiction. When composing her book, Morrison used many different writing techniques to make it the best possible. One particular technique used throughout Beloved is symbolism. Symbolism is found in the number references used, nature and the characters portrayed. Many numbers used in Beloved are actually more than what they are written out to be. A common number used, is the address of Sethes home, 124 Bluestone Road. Their house, which use to be a railway station is located in the outskirts of Cincinnati, Ohio. The main character, Sethe had four children in her lifetime. Her house number indicates those four children, but leaves out the third born (being Beloved). Her remaining three children: Denver, Howard and Burglar are the ones resembled in the numeric address. Also in Beloved, single numbers like two, three and five show up in many different parts. The number two implies a unity (Livraghi). In this novel, two and four come up when Morrison relates to children and sex. Sex is usually viewed as in a couple, a pair of two (Elwell). When two people come together, they make a whole. With children, Baby Suggs had eight children; four girls and four boys (Morrison, 209). Seth had four children: two girls and two boys. Also, the number five appears in Beloved many times. There are five fingers on a hand. An outstretched, open hand is usually an offering or blessing (Adams), and when Morrison writes about the characters receiving aid or giving help, the number five usually shows up. Amy Denver, who met Sethe on her flee from Sweet Home was said to have hair enough for five heads (Morrison 32, 77). Amys hands were often referred to strong and good hands, helped with the birth of Sethes baby Denver. In Beloved, numbers play an important role. They convey thoughts in a form of shorthand (Elwell), giving this novel a deeper sense of ...

Mark Zuckerberg, an American computer scientist, software developer and philanthropist The WritePass Journal

Mark Zuckerberg, an American computer scientist, software developer and philanthropist   Introduction Mark Zuckerberg, an American computer scientist, software developer and philanthropist   IntroductionBackgroundProblem statementObjectivesResearch QuestionsSignificanceLimitationLiterature ReviewThe Role of MediaCharacteristic of Social networking SitesDifferences between Social Networking SitesUse of FacebookPositive ImpactNegative ImpactTheory Applied Uses and Gratifications TheoryMedia System Dependency TheoryResearch DesignPopulation and SamplingData CollectionDiscussion and ConclusionDiscussionConclusionRelated   Introduction â€Å"When you give everyone a voice and give people power, the system usually ends up in a really good place. So, what we view our role as, is giving people that power.† Said by Mark Zuckerberg. The above quotes is said by the founder of facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, an American  computer scientist,  software developer  and  philanthropist best know for creating the social networking site- Facebook.(Kroll, 2008)   Despite his young age of 26, he is already a billionaire and had awarded the Time Person of The Year 2010.(Grossman, 2010) Facebook  is a  social networking  website launched in February 2004 and operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.(PenNameEM, 2011). It initially targeted Harvard students, but was later opened to other universities and then high schools. The websites membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area. It later expanded further to include any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over.   In 2006, Facebook allowed everyone to join and also added a News Feed feature that would broadcast changes in members pages to all Facebook users identified in their personal network of friends. It turned Facebook into a personalized social news service (Farlex, 2010). Facebook has a lot of features, (Social Media Boomer, 2009) like for example; people can add friends and send the messages, messages can be sent privately or publicly. A wall which allows friends to post messages for the user to see and use can tell what he/she up to by updating his/her status update. The news feed publishes updates on every user’s homepage and computer seen by the friends of the user. Facebook notes is a blogging feature that allows text and images and some blogs can be imported and Facebook. Facebook has a chat feature which allows instant messaging to friends. Mark Zuckerberg knew the power of social network more than anyone else and thus had created Facebook which had evolved to an essential-must-visit-site-each-day to many people all around the globe. The successful of Facebook had well enough to convey the importance of social network and had attracted a number of business people to venture the field. As Mark Zuckerberg said, â€Å"the web is at a really important turning point right now.† More and more people had engaged in social networking, resulting with a common norm in voicing out your opinion at the website instead of in front of the public, making friends blindly and deviatory exposing your whereabouts which in terms making the individual becomes more fragile to various danger . While on the bright side, social networking do have several advantage, It helps people to keep in touch despite geographical distances and it’s a much cheaper medium compare with the others. In short, facebook have its pros and cons, people have to aware the impact, be a smart user and not to fall prey on the downfall. Background Studies shows that facebook users had tremendously increase globally and how serious people get addicted to facebook.(Foster, 2010)   This phenomenon had brought up both positive and negative issues. People start to realize the power of facebook politically, economically and nevertheless socially. A lot of investments from well-known people had made to the facebook company. Thus, facebook had been upgraded and had expanded to all its potential direction, and yet meets no limitations. The website currently has more than 400 million active users worldwide. It is undeniable a huge phenomena and had affected other social website as well. At January 2009 Facebook has defeated MySpace. (TechCrunch. 2010) Since people are become more and more attach to this particular social networking website, it somehow had stirred up some important issue to the society. Facebook has somehow crush with some rules and regulations and has been banned in some countries including Pakistan(Aljazeera,2010), Syria(Global Voices, 2010),China(Youth Radio, 2010),Vietnam (CNN. 2010), and Iran(  Telegraph Media Group, 2010).It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the service. (Facebook. 2010) Facebook settled a lawsuit regarding claims over source code and intellectual property. The site has also been involved in controversy over the sale of fans and friends. Privacy issue had been hotly debated among the people.(Facebook. 2010) Single status updated in facebook will allow the whole network friends knew what you are up to. Nevertheless the photo album posted, strangers may happen to approach to you on the street despite the fact that you do not even know them. Stalkers issue is also a triggering phenomenon. On the other hand, facebook had its positive side. It had been seen as a wide, rewarding potential market to the investors. Since it was a global phenomenon, international marketers utilize this fact and met its satisfying result. Advertise in facebook is also an effective way to reach target audience. Facebook has undeniable brings double edge effect to the life of many, and thus the studies of awareness of public both positive and negative impact of Facebook will be further examined by the researcher. Problem statement â€Å"With the creation of Facebook in 2004, colleges and universities across the United States have been playing catch-up with students. This new technology carries much weight as a new medium for students to build social connections and grow as members of their institutions. However, this new technology also brings negative implications such as lowered GPAs when with greater use,† proclaimed by Boogart. (2004) People may not aware of the double-sided impact of facebook in their lives. They only realize how social networking crushes them at the point where they had become the victim of social networking. Addiction to facebook will cause a lot of problem in our lives, such as widen the gap between friends and family as one willing to stick on the computer screen rather than socializing with people around. Seriously attach to facebook will also be an obstacle in performances. One may affect productivity during office hour due to the overly attached to facebook, student’s grades may fall due to this too. On the other hand, facebook was undeniable a convenient place to socialize and keep in touch. Do the public realize both the positive and negative impact of facebook to the society and are they the smart user or blind user of Facebook? Objectives The main purpose of this research is to determine the level of awareness among Malaysians regarding the impact of facebook in the life. Besides, it is also designed to identify media preference and consumption patterns of the public. Those findings will help in further effective message creations. The researcher strongly agrees that the public should have a better understanding of the double-edged impact of facebook, how it will affect their life and the potential direction/growth of facebook in the future Research Questions What is the role of media in creating awareness? What is the use of Facebook? What is the impact of Facebook? Significance Social networking had been a big hit all around the world, and has undeniable becomes a necessity for people all around the world. Most of us have limited knowledge about the pros and cons of social networking and are one of the blind users who use the site for granted. Majority of the people do not dwell much on the core meaning of social networking and thus had neglected many important issues which then had cause some serious agitation both positively and negatively. Upon all of the incidents that had happened all around facebook, it is necessary to alert the public about the double-sided effect of facebook. By listing all of the advantage and disadvantage of the impact of Facebook, It will aid in creating public’s awareness in personal security issue, social networking fraud and etc, such effort will certainly minimize the potential harm and also to brighten the horizon of the people about the emerging possibilities of facebook in various field. Limitation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first obstacle face during the research will be the individual’s bias. As the research is about the double edge impact of Facebook, predictable and unavoidable incidents such as intensive individuals will hold tight with their own perspective and will defy the oppositional view of it. For example, a Facebook supporter will always stand on his/her ground and strongly oppose the negative sides of Facebook, and oppositional, Facebook hater will always discriminates Facebook despite the advantages it brings. Fair and just opinion from both oppositional sides is critical in aiding the accuracy of the research. The next obstacle will be the sampling issue. Although everyone seems to be able to access to the Internet, there will still be minority of them whom are not familiar with the site. Have to be assure that the target sample is in alignment with the objective. Age range is important too due to the perspective and values holds are different along with age growth. Penetrating observation and estimation of the target sampling is essential in order to obtain accurate outcome of the research. Besides, another problem that has to be deal is the potential fraud/dishonesty responses from the target audience. They might want to please the researcher and distort their very own opinion or are afraid to voice their perspective out. Therefore, it is crucial to explain to them that the above survey is highly confidential and for educational purpose only before spreading out the questionnaire to them. Literature Review The Role of Media According to the journal â€Å"Role of media to engage the masses in water debates and Practices† by Shahzad (2008, p.2), the media is crucial in disseminating news, development facilitator and the agent of change in today’s times.   Mass media is essential in creating awareness of various issues as to shape publics’ perception and opinion, particularly with reference to environment issue. Public escalating attachment to the information technologies had aid the growth of the importance of mass media. (Shahzad and Paquistanà ­, 2008, p.2) Media coverage does influence social flow. Shahzad and Paquistanà ­ (2008, p. 5) argue that in their recent coverage of the poor quality of water and sanitation facilities in public hospitals of twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, they are able to attract federal health minister and the NGO to take action and had solved the above problem. Their media coverage had inspired and moved the authorities to install the filtration plant.   It shows that media is playing a crucial role in conveying the message to various parties and inspire changes. Dorji (n.d, p.1) claim that communication is always the primary elements in society, especially in this era called â€Å"satellite communication†; mass media has indeed a necessity in human existence. Information and knowledge is being exchange through communication and with the advance technology, distance and other boundaries had been overcome. Various mass media had aid in communication among people all around the world, so as to globalization. According to Menon (1981) (cited by Alahari, 1997) in the journal â€Å"Attitude towards Mass Media and its role in promoting Environment Consciousness† by Tshering Dorji , the function of mass media had been upgraded to serve a wider coverage at a faster pace worldwide. This indeed has helped the media to reach a wider audience. Moreover, media assists people all around to world to interact and connect with each other. (Dorji, n.d) According to the journal â€Å"Attitude towards Mass Media and its role in promoting Environment Consciousness† by Tshering Dorji, it had provided evidence that the media did influence in peoples’ decision making. The more one’s expose to media, the more he/she will be affected by the media. According to the above case study, it stated that mass media has a potential power in fostering a kinship for environmentalism. For instances, mass media had reinforced the links between the environment preservation and culture heritage in Bhutan Characteristic of Social networking Sites According to the report ‘Social Computing: Study on the Use and Impact of Online Social Networking’ by Romina Cachia, there are generally 6 characteristics of SNS, which are (1)presentation of oneself: a profile page; (2)externalization of date: viewing and sharing information; (3) new ways for community formation: communicate through various digital objects; (4) Bottom-up activities: idea platform for user to gathered; (5) ease of use: homepages are easy to create and development; and lastly (6) reorganization of Internet geography: removed geographic barrier. Nevertheless, SNS has drastically changes our way of communication. Differences between Social Networking Sites Different website serves different people and attracts different types of users despite their similarity of SNS. Like for example, ‘MySpace’ was generally used by musician; YouTube links people through videos; Flickr links people through pictures and etc. (Cachia, 2008) While on the other hand, Friendster was been utilized to get in touch with old friends and had attracted many youth due to its innovation. MySpace too was created based on that platform but had soon evolved into more of a music platform. On 2004, Flickr which had became known for its dynamic platform for sharing photos was emerged due to the popularity of SNS photo sharing. (Cachia, 2008) And up to date, Facebook with its massive of active users is the one most successful SNS. Cachia argues that the simplicity and ordered profiles has contributed to Facebook’s successfulness. The vast number of application too has added in fun aspect to Facebook users. The ‘wall’ which allow user to post pictures, comment and link is also another factor that lead its popularity among the public. Use of Facebook Boogart (2004) argues that majority use Facebook to stay in touch with high school friends. He founds out only 21.1% of people use Facebook to connect to college peers. Boogart (2004) also states that demographic play a role in defining the user and usage. Women and students are two large populations whom are the active Facebook users. According to him, one will feel more connected to people if he/she use Facebook more frequently. These trends had further extended the addiction of students towards Facebook. Simply put, the more one engages on Facebook the more addicted one would perceive themselves to be. According to the findings by Joinson (2008), he generally found out that people use Facebook to keep in touch with friends, social surveillance, re-acquiring lost contacts, to communicate by writing on wall or private message, sharing pictures, perpetual contact meaning just to find out people’s status, making new friends and simply because it is easy to use. Besides, according to Joinson (2008), social network serves as social an emotional support, information resources and ties to some people. Lampe et al. (2006) (cited by Joinson, 2008) states that there’s a differences in ‘social searching’ and ‘social browsing’ in Facebook. Social searching is to find out more information about someone offline while social browsing is an act uses Facebook to further develop a relationship. Lampe et al. (2006) (cited by Joinson, 2008) also notes social networking sites such as Facebook serves as a surveillance function, where by user is constantly updated about their friends and family, the groups where they belonged. Impact of Facebook (Positive and Negative) Positive Impact According to the journal â€Å"Lessons from Facebook: The Effect of Social Network Sites on College Students’ Social Capital† by Kee, Park and Valenzuela (2008), Facebook can aid in unify the community. For example, collective action can be called up common interests groups. Facebook can aid in fostering trust and norms by constantly exchanging opinions and views among users. Boogart (2004) indicates that Facebook had help to university administrators to connect with students in Campus. It helps them to feel ‘less stranger’ on the school ground and constantly help them to keep in touch with one another and school activities as well. According to Merritt (2008) (cited by Kee et al., 2008) Facebook no doubt is a social network sites that allow the users to deliver shared, relevant information, a place for exchanging ideas and thus had fulfill many of the promises of civic journalism. Besides, it is crucial for the media to help citizens to stay connected with the society especially in the time of damaged credibility in public institutions according to Rutigliano (2007) (cited by Kee et al., 2008). Ultimately, it had assist journalist and traditional news organizations in gaining lessons on how to reach individuals, especially young adults from the social network. Social networking can reduce relationships’ gap for those who are being apart by distances according to Thompson (2009). It brings them together despite the physical separation. According to Vocus (n.d), it stated that one have to understand the potential of social media can bring. Social media had removed the possible barriers one company has towards its audience, it aid in spreading the intended information, generate sales leads, gauge customers satisfaction and increase brand recognition. The social media has indeed provides the tools and tactics for a company and prove its value. Facebook help in creating social awareness among people, Facebook users will ultimately been updated by various news posted by their friends, making them aware of the incidents that had recently occurred and as well provide them a better understanding of things (Sagi, 2011) Facebook has help in increasing environment sensitivity among the user despite their hectic lifestyle. Negative Impact According to the thesis â€Å"Uncovering the Social Impacts of Facebook on a College Campus† by Boogart (2004), there is a significance relationship between heavy use of Facebook and lower GPA among students. Although Facebook was created to have a positive impact in person to person communication, studies show that it could have a harmful effect according to Thompson (2009).   Facebook was first been used as a way for liked minded students to share their life experiences and keep in touch. But it too had reduced the real connection in reality, the interpersonal connection between people. It is like an escapist experience and had displaced the real interaction to an alternative cyber world. According to the journal â€Å"Facebook Games by Design have a Negative Social Impact† (The University of Melbourne, 2010), Facebook games had causes problems such as addiction to internet, decreasing sociability, mis-education to children and fall in productivity among people. Facebook games can lead players distracted and addicted as well. The addiction should be categorized as mental disorder to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders according to Block J. (2008) (cited by The University of Melbourne, 2010), an American Journal of Psychiatry editorial writer. In addition, Facebook games are easy to be accessible in nature. It runs almost in every modern computer which allows nearly everyone to be able to play them. The game itself is designed to be addictive too; the in-game award system had leaded the players to further enhance their desire to accomplish the goal of the game (The University of Melbourne, 2010). Besides the game have a negative impact on the young. Facebook games such as Texas Poker has indeed encouraged the young user to be involved in gambling. Moreover, according to the journal â€Å"Facebook Games by Design have a Negative Social Impact† (The University of Melbourne, 2010), it stated that Facebook games causes degradation in academic achievement among the students. Students spend more time on Facebook rather than revising their works. Besides, it lowers the work productivity of office workers as well. Williams and Gulati (2008) argue that using Facebook to hold an online campaign is a non-significant, near zero impact on vote share only due to those candidates who made little effort to cultivate a social network presence and put together it into their campaign strategy.   Additionally, campaign supporter in Facebook is hardly to be defined. The amount of the supporter is either the real things or just a hoax created by the candidates themselves. Theory Applied Uses and Gratifications Theory Uses and Gratifications Theory applied in this research. As cited in Chasse and Jenkins (n.d, p2), West and Turner (2005) stated that Uses and Gratifications Theory implies that â€Å"people actively seek out specific media and specific content to generate specific gratifications† and also to explain people’s involvement and need for media. According to the article â€Å"The role of theories in Uses and Gratifications studies (1979)†, by Blumer, there are six types of audience activity (Bulmer, 1979) Firstly, people tend to use media to accomplish their task, like for example in this case; most of our respondents use Facebook to connect to their long lost friends. The second type is intentionality, where use of media is decided by the motive. Respondents’ use of Facebook was difference from one another; their intention behind their impulse can be listed from the purpose of entertainment to socialize as well as other reason. Thirdly, selectivity, whereby the choice of media reflects the existing interest. People can always choose other media besides Facebook to stay in connect with their friends, there must be significance behind every action they did. The attachment of public towards Facebook too has its own explanation. Fourthly is to influence, whereby people create own meaning from media content. Different media serve different purposes and effect and people in return decide what to absorb from the media and how the media will influence them. Facebook is convenient in every ways, whether to connect friends from a thousand miles away or to exchange pictures taken shortly ago. The beneficial of Facebook ultimately will have its own meaning to different individuals. Fifthly, fifth is activity, which means what people use media for. Like for instance, people listens to radio for the timeliness news and hits music, watch television for TV drama, and etc. Lastly, the activeness, meaning the freedom of the audience in involving. Public involved themselves more in forum or chat room that is found in the internet for the reason that the amount of freedom of participating in such activity is being granted. Media System Dependency Theory According to Maxian (2009), Media System Dependency theory in microscopic level is defined as â€Å"a relationship in which the capacity of individuals to attain their goals is contingent upon the information resources of the media system.† Those information resources can be categorized as the ability to create and gather, process, and disseminate information. While in the macro level, the theory is define as the social perspective if the greater increasing people become more dependent on the media, the impact of the media will rise and role of media in society will become more central. Facebook had already been globalization and many of us have been active users itself. The impact of Facebook in our lives can be seen in many prospects.   Maxian also proposed that the media is very powerful as it controls every information or resources that needed by the people to achieve their informational goals. As cited in Maxian (2009), Ball-Rokeach (1998) described that individuals are assumed to function along three main dimensions in the relation between individual and media dependency; which are goal, referent, and intensity. The goal dimension refers to the motivation of people to achieve their informational goals through the information that provided by the media. For example, people will seek information from media to reduce their stress, entertainment, as well as for self and social understanding. They also use media information as a guide on their daily interaction and situation faced. Facebook serves as many purposes for the public. Many of them claimed that they use Facebook for entertainment, to socialize, to kill times and to escape reality. Those intentions will further push the user to continue to stick on Facebook. Next will be the referent. The referent dimension refers to the number of media that the people used at once to accomplish his/her goal. For example, a person who is seeking information for his/her assignment will use various media such as newspapers, television, Internet and etc to complete his/her task. Finally, the intensity dimension refers to the extent of intensity of media used by an individual to achieve informational goal. For instances, if a media source such as the Internet provide the most and best information for people, the dependency of the Internet will be more intense in terms or achieving that informational goal. This can be explained the phenomenon of the addiction towards Facebook by the majority. People had found out what they can do in Facebook and how it had satisfied them in serving their own purpose, thus had strengthen their independency towards Facebook. Research Design Quantitative research method will be employed in this study. There are two major types of surveys, descriptive and analytical (Wimmer Dominick, 2006) a descriptive survey is to explain current conditions and attitudes at the moment, while the analytical survey is to explain why the situation exists. Apparently, descriptive survey will be fully utilized in this study to check on the awareness of the public about the double-edged effect of Facebook. The reason Quantitative research method is being employed in this study is because it is handy in every aspects to the researcher. Firstly, it helps the researchers to determine the exact situation; roots of the problem and behavior pattern can be defined. Usage of Facebook and public opinion on it can be well evaluated through quantitative research. Secondly, its economic friendly since the researcher do not have the sufficient amount of money to conduct other research method. Since this is a University assignment, researcher had no financial support to conduct the research. As such, quantitative is the most convenient and cost effective way to help the researcher her findings. Thirdly, quantitative research method is able to provide a better insight of the situation examined, again, usage of Facebook, media preferences of the public, demographics etc can be collected too. Fourthly, it is convenient and flexible; it can be conduct everywhere within the target compound. The researcher does not have to undergo complicated situation yet still able to get the accurate outcome. And lastly, there is numerous information that had already exist available for the researcher to use as primary sources or secondary sources. The positive and negative of   social network had been hotly debated by various journalist on the past decade, this as well had save the researcher a lot time and had provide the researcher a better guidelines to finish the assignment. Population and Sampling According to Wimmer Dominick (2006), population is a group of subjects, variables, concepts, or phenomena; an entire class or group is investigated in some cases. The population is this study will be the staff and students of Utar Kampar. It is impossible to cover the whole population of Utar Kampar, thus a sample will be selected. Sample is a subset of the population that is representative of the entire population (Wimmer Dominick, 2006). Through this study, 100 respondents age 18 and above will be randomly selected to complete the questionnaires. Location will be targeted at several hotspots in Utar: Block C, Block G, Cafeteria and other crowded places, not to forget via online too. The reason staff and students are being chosen as the targeted respondents is because they are familiar with the social networking site, Facebook and their lifestyle, media consumption are aligned with the study. Thus, by choosing the right criteria, the researcher believes that it will aid in finding the accurate outcomes of this study. Instrumentation Questionnaire will be utilized in this study by the researcher due to the excessive amount of questions can be asked and answer can be obtained on spot from a huge sample. The survey in this case study consists of three types of questions: (1) open-ended questions, which require the respondents to voice out their own opinion, give them freedom in answering questions and an opportunity to provide in-depth responses; (2) close-ended questions, a list of answer will be provided in which respondents can choose from; (3) likert-scale question, where by the respondent can be able to choose their answer based on the extent of their opinion, for example â€Å"strongly agree†, â€Å"neutral†, or â€Å"disagree.† Overall, the survey consists of five parts. The first part will be the demographic part in which require the respondents to answer some basic information such as gender, age and education background. The second part will be answering the research question: what is the role of media in creating awareness on the impact if Facebook, where by the researcher can get in-depth information about the respondents’ perception of media. The third part is to investigate the reason people attached to Facebook and will also question them about the impact of Facebook brings. The forth part consists of two sections, each of them study about positive impact and negative impact of Facebook. Respondents who agreed with the statement that there’s a double sided effect of Facebook in our lives will have to answer both section, and those who choose either one of the impact will be responsible solely to the chosen section. By categorizing the respondents in such ways, the researcher will have a better understanding of the perceptions of the majority towards the impacts of Facebook in their lives. The fifth part will be asking the respondents about their opinion alerting the public about the impact of Facebook and which media will yield the wildest effect in creating public’s awareness of the relative issues. Data Collection Survey will be collected at once after the respondents had completed it. There will be a direct interaction between the interviewer and interviewee. As such, the interviewer can be able to help the respondents if they do no understand the survey. The researcher will be using two kinds of methods to collect the surveys, mall interviews (on-spot interviews) and internet surveys. Mall interviews are a quick and inexpensive way to collect personal information (Wimmer Dominick, 2006). And of course the mall mentioned is referring to the crowded places found within the University’s compound during peak hours. The second method is the Internet surveys. According to Wimmer Dominick (2006), the process of internet survey is very simple, surveys will send out and completed via email. This method undeniable saves cost and is environment friendly. The survey had been completed in one week time, starting from 14th March 2011 to 20th March 2011. Data Analysis According to Wimmer Dominick (2006), statistics are mathematical methods to collect, organize, summarize, and analyze data. The researcher will use descriptive statistics to convert the huge amount of data into a much understandable and meaningful method. The researcher will present the data by using pie chart and bar chart, together with details description and explanation. Figure 2.8 denotes that 85% of respondents stated that the information/news from the media will certainly affect their attitude and behavior and had given their reason about it. They said it was because the message media brings is very persuasive and always is the truth of fact. Moreover, the media helped them to gain a better insight of things and lead them to wider perceptions of seeing things. Besides, the succeed of Shahzad and Paquistani (2008) using media to influence the attitude of the authority has it solid astand for the above statement. The remaining 15% of respondents’ behavior or attitude will not change by the media was because they found out the media is not a reliable source and some of them actually did not care about it. In sum, A lot of the information gained from the media inevitably will influence publics’ behavior. According to figure 3.0, 24% of respondents used facebook for both entertainment purpose and socialize. Another 21% claimed that the reason they used Facebook was because of the peer’s pressure while 16% was to kill times. Remaining 15% of the respondents affirmed that they were merely following the trend. West and Turner (2005) (cited by Chasse and Jenkins, n.d,) stated that Uses and Gratifications Theory implies that â€Å"people actively seek out specific media and specific content to generate specific gratifications† and also to explain people’s involvement and need for media. Facebook served different purpose for different people. Majority of the respondents had claimed that they used Facebook mainly for entertainment and to socialize. Again, the hectic lifestyle had make Facebook as an entertainment spread like a wildfire among the public. Insufficient time to socialize with one another can now be solved through Facebook. Discussion and Conclusion Discussion The researcher has been able to identify RQ1: the role of media in creating awareness. By referring to the findings (Q4), it can be presumed that most people use media for the purpose of entertainment, followed by surveillance. This is quite a norm to the society as people nowadays are busy in fulfilling their material life and thus do not have the ample time to do other things. Media, in such way has provided the public the best solution to be entertained and so as to be updated on various things.   As such, people are gradually influenced by the media (Shahzad and Paquistanà ­, 2008, p5). According to the findings of question 5, the role of media in creating awareness can be by constantly educating the public about relative issues, in this case is about the awareness of the public on the double sided effect of Facebook, is believes to have the widest effect in alerting the public. This shows that media have the power to influence and shape the public opinion. Shahzad and Paquistani (2008, p.2), also argue that media is essential in creating awareness to shape publics’ perception and opinion. Covering relative news to aware the public is also another way for the media to influence public. Truth fact is most likely credible and thus will motivate public to change. As stated by Shahzad and Paquistani (2008, p. 5), media coverage does influence social flow. Their coverage of the poor quality of water and sanitation facilities in public hospitals of twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad are able to attract federal health minister and the NGO to take action and had solved the above problem. Findings from question 6 states that most people found news from media is trustworthy and are aware of the latest issues broadcasted by the media (Q8). Such dependence to the media had prove that media plays an important role in them. Media has indeed become an necessity in the society (Dorji ,n.d, p.1). The level of public’s dependency towards media and the effect of it to the society found in research question 11, which is high in dependency has nevertheless establishes the claims of media dependency theory. The level of dependency of media will directly affect the role of the media in the society, the greater they rely on it, the superior media will be (Maxian , 2009). Next, the researcher is able to classify answers of RQII: What is the use of Facebook in part III of the questionnaire. People used Facebook for different purposes, such as ranking from the highest to the lowest according to the findings of question 13: entertainment, to socialize, to blend in the society’s trend and etc. User and gratification theory states that people seek specific media to generate specific gratification and thus explain their use and need for media (Chasse and Jenkins, n.d, p.2). Majority agree that Facebook has become a necessity in peoples’ lives (Q5). Again, media dependency theory stated that the superior the media get, the powerful it will have its impact on the society (Maxian, 2009), which had been aligned with the findings. Many had agreed with the statement that there’s a double sided effect of facebook in our lives (Q18). Part IV of the questionnaire is been designed to find out the answer for RQIII: What is the impact of Facebook. Both positive and negative impact will be scrutinized thoroughly. The potential of social media can bring is wide and effective in publicity according to Vocus (n.d), hence it is in line with the researcher’s findings which the respondents agree that Facebook aid in publicity (Q21). Facebook is able to reach a larger market regardless the location and financial. It is the most cost-effective to promote one’s company or product. Many had agreed that Facebook help them to keep in touch with friends (Q20). According to Thompson (2009), social networking can help in reducing the gap between relationships, whereby many of the respondents agreed as well. Constantly keep in touch with friends and families that are being apart help smoothen a relationships and will perhaps diminish the potential conflict between them. In addition, on the negative sides, many had agreed that Facebook causes degradation of studies (Q23). Boogart (2004) also stated that there is a significance relationship between heavy use of Facebook and lower GPA among students. Students had spent most of their time playing Facebook and therefore had neglected their studies. The Facebook game too had contributed to the above matters (The University of Melbourne, 2010). Moreover, most of the respondents states that Facebook will induce lower work productivity (Q23). The University of Melbourne (2010) do suggest that addiction to internet, decreasing sociability will aid in the fall in productivity among people. As for people busying building and maintaining their relationship via cyber world, the real relationship and interaction in the reality consequently will be hinder. About 22% of the respondents are consent of it (Q23). Thompson (2009) asserts that many had displaced the real interaction to an alternative cyber world. Based on the findings in question 24, faked Id, online fraud and hacker issues had been also hotly debated by the public. People no longer feel secure while online because they never know the source of their information. Online campaign is been categorized as a non-significant compare to the real campaign (Williams and Gulati, 2008). The information and the amount of the supporters are impossible to be defined. Majority of the respondents strongly agree that media should aware the public of the double sided effect Facebook brings. They knew the how Facebook can help in one life and to destroy one’s as well. Therefore, media such as newspaper, TV, radio, Internet campaign, etc must play their role to alert the public. Conclusion Assessing the importance of media in raising public’s awareness on the double-edged of Facebook is the primary objective in this study. This research also aims to determine the media role in society as well as to understand the impacts Facebook has towards the society. A total of 28 survey questions regarding public perception towards the importance of media role and the impacts of Facebook were studied. Research has shown that media is mainly serve as an entertainment, followed by surveillance, social interaction and personal identity. Researcher found out most of the respondents agree that media is a trustworthy source and had strongly relied on them. They trusted information from the internet more than news from newspaper as they believe that newspaper was in favor of the politicians. News and information from media poses a great power since they had the ability to alter, shape and influence public decision making. In addition, researcher is acknowledged that most of the respondents are active Facebook user and they agree that Facebook has become a necessity in peoples’ lives. They do aware of the double sided effect Facebook brings. The researcher had obtained the percentage of various positive and negative impacts facebook had from the survey questionnaires in which had provide the researcher about the perceptions of the public towards Facebook. Meanwhile, the researcher found out the negative news of Facebook will affect the use of Facebook among Facebook user. This shows that majority of Facebook user is still a smart user rather than a blind user. Lastly, researcher also gained an understanding about public opinion on whether the media should alert the public about the double sided effect of Facebook. Public has come in agreement that media plays an extremely important role in creating awareness. Internet has the best effect in alerting according to the findings. In short, this study is helpful in conveying important information on the impacts of Facebook. As a result, it has provided the researcher with a clearer understanding on the importance of media in creating awareness.

The theory of risk aversion and its utilization by the insurance Essay

The theory of risk aversion and its utilization by the insurance companies - Essay Example This paper outlines the theory of risk aversion, and explains how insurance companies are successfully utilizing this theory to receive substantial amount of profit conducting their activities. Risk aversion is a theory that explains why people are willing to buy insurance. Risk averse means is a situation whereby individuals are willing to pay some money in order to avoid playing a risky game; this takes place even when the expected game value is in this individuals favor. A risk averse individual tends to pay more than the expected value of a game that will let him or her avoid a risk Indemnity is a principle of insurance that states puts it clearly that an insured person will only get compensation if there is a risk occurrence. On the other hand if the event does not occur then the insured will not get any compensation whether money or property. In this case the insurance company will benefit a lot since all the premiums paid will remain as the company’s revenue. The pay off expected by the insured is always less than the premiums he pays; this puts the insurance company in a better position making it a booming business with minimal chances of loss occurrence The big advantage with the insurance company is that it can play games severally and leap much benefits associated with the law of large numbers. The more people the insurance company insures the more it the more it will collect money to cater for administrative costs as well as profits. There is also a numerical illustration in the paper, that helps to bring out the meaning of the theory of risk aversion. The mathematical example makes this theory more intelligible. o the insured it is also obvious that the bigger the pool the smaller the individuals risk of losing large amount of money ,at the same time the less the expected premiums. The Friedman-Savage sought to know why is it that people will buy both insurance and lottery tickets against losses. His view was that this behavior of people was making them both risk averse and risk loving. The answer to this is the fact that a section of the utility function is convex while the other part is concave. Individuals wish to play it safe across the lower range but very much willing to take gambling on the lower and upper parts Illustration A group of thirty people are willing to pay 120 pounds to avoid a risk of losing 15000 pounds. The group can all join together to form a mutual insurance company, collect 120 pounds from each member and pay 15000 pounds to anyone amongst the group who is unlucky and loses coming out ahead. The more people join this mutual insurance company the more the money for its administrative costs and more returns will be realized. By joining this mutual insurance company it shows that the participants are risk averse. The individual's elasticity is . Utility is an indicator of how many percentage points one thing changes as a result of a one percent change in something that affects it.